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一、代词
(一)
| 人称代词 |
主格 |
I |
you |
he |
she |
it |
we |
you |
they |
| 宾格 |
me |
you |
him |
her |
it |
us |
you |
them |
| 物主代词 |
形容词性 |
my |
your |
his |
her |
its |
our |
your |
their |
| 名词性 |
mine |
yours |
his |
hers |
its |
ours |
yours |
theirs |
| 反身代词 |
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myself |
yourself |
himself |
herself |
itself |
ourselves |
yourselves |
themselves |
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1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 |
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2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours.
Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not
our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our
room) |
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3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属
如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹
a
friend of mine 我的一个朋友 |
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4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。
如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. |
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5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快)
by
oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to… (随便吃/喝
些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
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练习题 |
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1.-Whose trousers are these?
-_____, I think. |
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A.They B.Their
C.Theirs D.Them |
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2. Nobody taught___English. He taught____.
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A.him, himself B.his, himself
C.him, by himself D.his, his |
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（二）
| 修饰可数词 |
many |
few 表否定意义 |
a few 表肯定意义 |
| 修饰不数名词 |
much |
little 表否定意义 |
a little 表肯定意义 |
few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词
a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the
library.
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用little, a little, few, a few填空: |
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1.I often stay at home because I have _______
friends here. |
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2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______
water in the glass. |
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3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He
can speak very well. |
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4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry
yesterday. |
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（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something
new
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There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题 |
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A.important anything
B.important something |
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C.anything important
D.something important |
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(四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either,
another
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1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中
注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句 |
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① Will you give me some water? |
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② Would you like some meat? |
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③ May I ask some questions? |
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④ Could I have some apples? |
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2.every＋单数名词 “每一个”
强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
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如：Each student was asked to try
again.
Each of them has a nice
skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
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3.all “(全部)都”
表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
none
“没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of |
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如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from
Canada. |
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None of us is/are afraid of
dogs.（单、复数均可） |
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4.both “（两者）都”
,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
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如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim
well. |
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There are trees on both sides of
the street.
= There are trees on either side of the
street. |
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Neither of us is going to
Beijing next week.
Neither answer is right.
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5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one …
the other “一个……，另一个……”
the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人” |
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.
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I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题)
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________ ________ are you going to take? |
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二、形容词 副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：
原级：
比较级： 比较...，更...一些
最高级： 最...
（A）1.构成：(规则情况)
| 情
况 |
变 化 方 法 |
例
词 |
| 单音节词和少数双音节词: |
一般情况 |
加er, est |
clever-cleverer-cleverest |
| 以字母e结尾 |
加r, st |
nice-nicer-nicest |
| 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 |
双写加er, est |
big-bigger-biggest
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| 以辅音字母加y结尾 |
变y为i加er, est |
early-earlier-earliest |
| 部分双音节和多音节词 |
在词前加more, most |
slowly-more slowly-most slowly |
2.不规则变化，须熟记：
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good/well-better-best
many/much-more-most
far-farther-farthest
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst
little-less-least |
(B)常见的使用情况
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1.as … as …
和...一样（中间用原级） |
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2.not as(so) … as
和...不一样（中间用原级） |
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3… than
…. ..比...（用比较级） |
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4.有范围修饰的用最高级
如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的
eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the
year.
⑵This is the best film that I have
ever seen . |
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5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越…...”
eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
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6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…...
eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 |
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(C)注意点：
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1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 |
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2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。 |
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3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
eg:The weather here is warmer than that of
Shanghai. |
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(D)掌握三种同义句转换：
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1.He is taller than any other student in his class.
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=He is the tallest (student)in his class. |
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2.This film is less interesting than that one. |
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=This film isn't as interesting as that one. |
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=That film is more interesting than this one. |
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3.I prefer maths to English. |
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=I like maths better than English. |
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96中考题： |
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Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____
eggs? |
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A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and
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此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：
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1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。 |
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2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词
enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词
eg;she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。 |
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3.区别几组易混淆的副词: |
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也 |
too用于肯定、疑问句 |
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also 较为正式书面语 |
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either 用于否定句 |
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已经 |
already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 |
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yet 常用于否定句、疑问句 |
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不再 |
no (not any) longer 从时间上讲 |
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no (not any) more 从动作上讲 |
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如此这样 |
such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box |
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so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big |
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单独、独自 |
alone 作表语 =by oneself |
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孤独的 |
lonely 可作表语、定语 |
eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing
______ over there. (happy)
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练习题 |
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1.The students are having a good time in the park.
Some are drawing by the lake. _____ are climbing the
hill. |
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A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The
other |
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2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper. |
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A. important something B. important
anything |
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C. anything important D. nothing
important |
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3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your
sister's?
-No,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______.
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A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine,
hers D.hers, mine |
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思考题 |
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1.The Changjiang River is the third _____ river in
the world. |
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A.long B.longer C.longest D.the
longest |
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2. An elephant is _____ than a horse. |
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A.more strong B. much stronger C. the
most strong D. much more strong |
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3. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or
water? |
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A.good B.Well C. Better D.
Best |
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